Osteomyelitis: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management








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Osteomyelitis is a bone infection caused by an infecting organism. In the early 1900s, about 20% of patients with osteomyelitis died, and survivors had significant morbidity. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for successful management. A multidisciplinary approach involving orthopaedic surgeons, infectious disease specialists, and plastic surgeons is required for complex cases with significant soft tissue loss. The infection can be exogenous or hematogenous, with a pyogenic or non-pyogenic host response. Osteomyelitis is most common in children and has a bimodal distribution, affecting children younger than 2 years and 8-12 years old. It is more common in males and is caused by bacteremia.