The structure and function of the human chest





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The chest is a complex anatomical structure formed by the ribs, thoracic spine, and sternum, providing protection for vital organs such as the lungs and heart. It consists of lateral, anterior, and posterior walls, with 12 pairs of ribs forming the lateral and anterior walls, while the thoracic spine forms the posterior wall. The chest cavity houses the trachea, esophagus, blood vessels, and nerves, and its size and shape vary based on age, gender, and occupation. The diaphragm borders the lower thoracic cavity, and the chest expands during respiration to accommodate lung inflation.