Thyroid gland: Iodine metabolism and hormones








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The thyroid gland lies in front of the neck and consists of two lobes connected by a band of thyroid tissue. It produces thyroid hormones including thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin. The minimal daily requirement of iodine for normal thyroid function is about 2 mcg/kg of body weight, but the usual intake is much greater. Iodine is converted to iodide in the small intestine and absorbed. The synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones involve an active transport mechanism called iodide trapping.