Mechanism of urine formation in renal system








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The process of urine formation involves three main steps: filtration of plasma in the renal glomeruli, reabsorption and secretion in the renal tubules, and excretion of urine. The glomeruli function as ultrafilters, producing a filtrate that is collected in Bowman's capsule. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is approximately 125 ml/min in adult males and slightly less in females. Key factors favoring filtration include high pressure, large surface area, and high permeability of the glomerular capillaries.